Is the way you breathe written on your face? Researchers have long asked that question, and a 2021 meta-analysis pooled the evidence from children. Here is what it found, and just as importantly, what it does not tell us.
Study at a glance
- Study: Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Authors: Zhao Z, Zheng L, Huang X, Li C, Liu J, Hu Y
- Journal: BMC Oral Health, 2021
- Design: systematic review and meta-analysis; PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, Web of Science and Embase searched up to February 2020
- Included: 10 studies in the quantitative synthesis, in children under 18 years of age
What the research shows
The authors compared cephalometric measurements (standardised angles measured on skull X-rays) in children who breathed mainly through the mouth with those of nasal-breathing children. Among the reported findings:
- Sagittal (front-to-back) position: SNA and SNB angles were lower in mouth-breathing children (SNA mean difference -1.63, SNB mean difference -1.96, both P < 0.0001), which points to a somewhat more retruded upper and lower jaw position.
- The review also reported differences in vertical measures, with the jaws rotating backward and downward, and reduced airway dimensions in mouth-breathing children.
These are average differences between groups. They show an association, not proof that mouth breathing alone caused them: many of the included studies were observational, and the underlying causes of mouth breathing (such as enlarged adenoids or nasal obstruction) may themselves play a role. The review does not show that adults' faces change from breathing habits, and it does not test mouth tape.
Why it may work this way
One hypothesis is that nasal breathing keeps the tongue resting against the palate and the lips closed, creating a balanced set of forces on the growing jaws. When the mouth stays open, the tongue and jaw posture may shift, and over years of growth this could influence how the face develops. This is a proposed mechanism, and researchers still debate how large the effect is compared with genetics and other factors.
Real-world use
For parents, the practical takeaway is not to tape anything, but to notice signs of persistent mouth breathing in a child (open mouth at rest, snoring, blocked nose) and mention them to a paediatrician, ENT specialist or dentist. For adults, whose facial growth is complete, the more relevant question is sleep: many people simply prefer breathing through the nose at night.
Where Gudslip fits in
The study above is about children's development, so we do not claim that any product changes facial structure. What we can say is that nasal breathing is the physiological baseline the researchers compare against. Gudslip Mouth Tape is a gentle, breathable tape designed for adults who want to encourage lips-closed, nasal breathing during sleep. It is a wellness accessory, not a medical device or treatment.
How to use it
- Only use it if you can comfortably breathe through your nose; do not use it with a blocked nose or a cold.
- Try it for a few minutes while awake first, to get used to the feeling.
- Apply to clean, dry lips with the lips gently closed, then go to sleep.
- Remove it immediately if you feel any discomfort or difficulty breathing.
- Not for children, or for anyone with breathing, sleep apnea or skin concerns, unless a healthcare professional says it is suitable.
FAQ
Does mouth breathing definitely change the face?
The meta-analysis found an association in children between mouth breathing and certain skeletal measurements. It does not prove cause and effect on its own.
Can mouth tape change an adult's face?
There is no evidence from this review that it can. Adult facial structure is largely fixed, and the study did not test mouth tape.
Is mouth taping safe for children?
We do not recommend it. If your child breathes through the mouth, speak to a healthcare professional.
Why might someone choose to breathe through the nose at night?
Nasal breathing filters, warms and humidifies air, and many people simply find it more comfortable and less drying for the mouth and throat.
The bottom line
Pooled data from 10 studies suggest that, in children, habitual mouth breathing is associated with differences in jaw position and airway size. That is a good reason to take persistent mouth breathing in children seriously and to seek professional advice, not a reason to expect cosmetic changes from any product.
Disclaimer: This article is for general wellness information only and is not medical advice. Gudslip products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Please consult a healthcare professional before making changes to your sleep or breathing routine, especially for children or if you have a health condition.
References
- Zhao Z, Zheng L, Huang X, Li C, Liu J, Hu Y. Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21:108. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7944632/